Orton Williams K J, 1980. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 33:97-102, Pal S, Chaudhuri AKN, 1992. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2009. (Plantas Invasoras en Cuba). New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, DAISIE, 2013. A sclerotial leaf rot of kalanchoe. leiopoda (no common name). Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2009. Mill Valley, USA: Strawberry Press, Reppas GP, 1995. Journal of Phytopathology, 130(4):303-311, Kirtikar K, Basu B, 1935. Bryophyllum. Gatunkiem typowym jest Kalanchoe laciniata L. Brisbane, Australia: Government Printer, Baldwin JT Jr, 1938. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Proximate and elemental composition of Bryophyllum pinnatum [Kalanchoe pinnata] (Lim). In: 5-Year Review, Short Form Summary: Species Reviewed: Schiedea kauaiensis (no common name) : US Fish and Wildlife Service.6 pp. Crassulaceae. 5-Year Review, Short Form Summary: Species Reviewed: Pritchardia napaliensis (loulu palm). Report to the Kingdom of Tonga on Invasive Plant Species of Environmental Concern. Morton (1990) has reviewed the medicinal uses of K. pinnata. Flower Color: Red, yellow, orange, pink, purple, white and a variant of these Bloom Time: Late autumn to early winter. In tropical East Africa, K. pinnata is found in riverine areas, amongst rocks and also in the shade of trees in areas ranging in altitude from 10 to 1600 m (Wickens, 1987). The methanolic extract of K. pinnata leaves showed significant anti-inflammatory activity on different experimental models (Pal and Chaudhuri, 1990, 1992). http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.htm, CABI, Undated. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010. calcicolum H. Perrier, Kalanchoe brevicalyx (Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier) Boiteau, Kalanchoe pinnata var. In: Schiedea spergulina var. Florida EPPC's 2011 Invasive Plant Species List. Phyllostegia knudsenii (Waimea phyllostegia), US Fish and Wildlife Service, Brisbane, Australia: Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Staples GW, Imada CT, Herbst DR, 2002. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Plant parasitic nematodes of the Pacific. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010. 2010f, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Contribution of the United States National Herbarium, 9:69-71, Sawhney S, Bansal A, Sawhney N, 1994. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. viridifolia (Pies from Heaven) is a form of Kalanchoe rhombopilosa with very thick, wider deep or fresh green…, Kalanchoe beauverdii (Beauverd's Widow's-thrill) is a climber with branching, gray, wiry stems that clamber and twine and hold green to…, Kalanchoe thyrsiflora (Paddle Plant) is a succulent plant often confused with Kalanchoe luciae. (Plantas Invasoras en Cuba.) Preliminary report on the in vitro antibacterial activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf juice. 2010m, US Fish and Wildlife Service, The stem is erect, up to 3.3 feet (1 m) tall, often with short sterile shoots at the base. floripendula Pers. http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, BSr W, Pfeifer P, Dettner K, 1997. Wallingford, UK: CABI. Scientific name: Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelin. The juice of the fresh leaves is used very effectively for the treatment of jaundice in folk medicines of Bundelkhand region of India. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010. Broome R, Sabir K, Carrington S, 2007. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2009. In: 5-Year Review, Short Form Summary: Species Reviewed: Schiedea membranacea (no common name) : US Fish and Wildlife Service.9 pp. It is a succulent plant that grows up to 2 feet (60 cm) tall and has interesting leaves…, Kalanchoe longiflora (Tugela Cliff-Kalanchoe) is a thin shrub up to 16 inches (40 cm) tall. Havana, Cuba: Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. Witt A, Luke Q, 2017. Medical Science Research, 20(3):103-104; 16 ref, Orton Williams KJ, 1980. 2009e, Spermolepis hawaiiensis (Hawaii scaleseed), US Fish and Wildlife Service, Leaves…, Kalanchoe 'Tessa' is a lovely succulent perennial with green leaves and orange-red flowers. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Serie D, 278:2505-2508, Leelavathy KM, 1973. Schiedea spergulina var. Invasive Species in the Pacific: A Technical Review and Draft Regional Strategy. Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Eastern Africa, [ed. 5-Year Review, Short Form Summary: Species Reviewed: Stenogyne campanulata (no common name). 2009b, Tetramolopium filiforme (ridgetop tetramolopium), US Fish and Wildlife Service, Foliar application of glyphosate is used for the control of K. pinnata in the Galapagos Islands (Soria et al., 2002). (Kalanchoe (Crassulacees) de Madagascar). K. pinnata is not normally known as a weed of crops, although it has been reported to displace crops in the Galapagos Islands (Soria et al., 2002). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Recovery Plan for Oahu Plants. Guanica Dry forest, Puerto Rico. Description: Bushy plants often 12 to 15 inches tall with thick, fleshy leaves. The genus has a very wide distribution area. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Micronesica, 15:222, Friedmann F, 1971. K. pinnata was observed with a stem blight disease in Pune, India, caused by two fungi Colletotrichum dematium and Glomerella cingulata. Kunjun F, Gilbert MG, 2001. Plant Physiology, 129:1843-1851, Witt, A., Luke, Q., 2017. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. K. pinnata is recognized as a threat to island ecosystems by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER, 2004). \Martín, J. L. \Zurita, N. \Arechavaleta, M.]., Spain: Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias, 96-143, Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong MT, 2012. Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Eastern Africa. Oviedo Prieto R, Herrera Oliver P, Caluff M G, et al, 2012. In: Recovery Plan for the Maui Plant Cluster : US Fish and Wildlife Service.130 pp. 2010g, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Frost Tolerance: Semi hardy in Phoenix, freezes at 26°F (-3°C) American Journal of Botany, 35:695-706. Human Ecology, 30:281-299, Berger A, 1930. 2011c, US Fish and Wildlife Service, A few of the chromosomes are markedly smaller than the rest so the haploid number could be interpreted as n=17+3 or n=18+2. http://www.mnh.si.edu/biodiversity/bdg/planthtml/index.html, Begossi A, Hanazaki N, Tamashiro JY, 2002. Further spread is probable because of the popularity of K. pinnata as a garden ornamental and medicinal plant. Scientific Names. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. In host range trials, Alcidodes sedi could complete its development on a number of Bryophyllum and Kalanchoe species but failed to develop on other related species in the Crassulaceae (ABR Witt, ARC-PPRI, South Africa, unpublished data, 2004). Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1. Environmental weed invasions on south-east Queensland foredunes. Structure and stereochemistry of bryophyllin-A, a novel potent cytotoxic bufadienolide orthoacetate from Bryophyllum pinnatum. The genera Kalanchoe and Bryophyllum in cultivation. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 45:1-590, Kunjun F, Gilbert MG, 2001. Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells); open flowers. Web Listing of Plants of the Guiana Shield (for Anthophyta A-L) and the Guianas. http://server.rib.okayama-u.ac.jp/wild/index.html. (Lista nacional de especies de plantas invasoras y potencialmente invasoras en la República de Cuba - 2011). 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation : US Fish and Wildlife Service.19 pp. In Africa, India and South America it is used for the treatment of insect bites, wounds, ulcers, abscesses and burns, inflammations, swellings and discolorations (Safford, 1905; Kirtikar and Basu, 1935; Dalziel, 1937; Dastur, 1951; Chopra et al., 1956; Boakye-Yiadom, 1977); rheumatic afflictions, erysipelas and boils (Quisumbing, 1951); smallpox, diarrhoea, dysentery, lithiasis and phthisis (Nadkarni, 1954); whitlow (Gaind and Gupta, 1971) and cholera (Siddiqui et al., 1989); mange, and as a cold remedy, especially for small children (Raponda-Walker and Sillans, 1961); bronchitis (Quisumbing, 1951); as a diuretic (Oliver-Bayer, 1986); conjunctivitis, earache and sore throats (Oliver-Bayer, 1986); and in the induction of labour and the removal of ovarian cysts (Onwuliri and Anekwe, 1992). Vegetative propagule organs arise from dormant meristem derivatives. Preferred Names. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry, 48:2802-2806, Wagner WL, Herbst DR, Sohmer SH, 1999. In: Flora of New South Wales, 1 [ed. Oecologia, 88:407-414, Kluge M, Ting I, 1978. http://scisun.nybg.org:8890/searchdb/owa/wwwspecimen.searchform, Obaseiki-Ebor EE, 1985. In Queensland, Australia, it is most commonly associated with loamy sand, alluvial soils, clay loams and skeletal soils (Queensland Herbarium database, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Australia, 1999) and where soil moisture persists with surface organic matter.K. Fruits have four slender papery tubes enclosed in the base of the corolla tube and the seeds are ellipsoid-oblong approximately 0.5 mm long, obscurely longitudinally striate and brown (Stanley and Ross, 1986; Wickens, 1987; Evett and Norris, 1990; Wagner et al., 1999). Antitumor agents: 110. Reference taxon from World Plants in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. Preliminary review of the invasive plants in the Pacific Islands (SPREP member countries). Intra- and interspecific allelochemical effects in three Kalanchoe-species (Crassulaceae). New insecticidal bufadienolide, bryophyllin C, from Kalanchoe pinnata. Assessment of invasive naturalized plants in south-east Queensland. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation : US Fish and Wildlife Service.11 pp. Plantas indeseables en los cultivos cubanos. Umbels of trump… Compendium record. Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, commonly called kalanchoe, is a dark green, succulent perennial with scallop-edged leaves and large umbels of flower clusters held above the foliage.It has an upright, multi-branched growth habit. In: Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy. K. pinnata was not present in transects at this site in 1982 but was present in 1997 (Batianoff and Franks, 1998). Report to the Government of the Cook Islands on Invasive Plant Species of Environmental Concern. Invasive plants in Cuba. Flora of the Cayman Islands. It is relatively drought intolerant and may become almost totally defoliated during periods of extended drought (Forster, 1985). The leaf edge is crenate and young plants are often produced in the marginal notches especially after leaf detachment. Honolulu, USA: University of Hawaii Press, Wickens GE, 1987. Systematique, Ecophysiologie et Phytochimie. Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 85-114, Missouri Botanical Garden, 2003. Lublin, Poland, BDG Program, 2003. A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. Plant Science Shannon, 125:41-51, González-Torres LR, Rankin R, Palmarola A (eds), 2012. New Zealand Plant Names Database., New Zealand: Landcare Research. Kalanchoe 'Tessa' (Pendent Flowered Kalanchoe), Kalanchoe rhombopilosa var. 241pp. Schiedea hookeri (no common name). Apart from making concoctions, decoctions and infusions of plant parts, some leaves are regularly eaten in soups as a tonic for the stomach and kidneys. http://www.hear.org/pier/, Proctor GR, 1984. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-08-02/pdf/2011-17162.pdf, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2011. VAScular Tropicos database. Its quadrangular, fleshy but woody-based…. Phenolic components from the leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2008. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 107:15-34, Batygina TB, Bragina EA, Titova GE, 1996. In: Kulu`i (Nototrichium humile). 524-528. Young Kalanchoe plantlets acquire KIV through their physical connections with infected mature leaves.Athelia rolfsii, a leaf rot, has been isolated from leaves of K. pinnata from Calicut, India. 5-Year Review Short Form Summary: Remya montgomeryi (no common name). Kalanchoe plants are succulent having thick leaves. Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1. A methanolic extract of K. pinnata leaves has been studied for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities in animal models. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation : US Fish and Wildlife Service.16 pp. Acuña G J, 1974. In New South Wales, Australia, two cattle reportedly died from ingestion of K. pinnata (Reppas, 1995). Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. Recommended Temperature Zone: Sunset®: 17, 21-25, 27 USDA: 10-11. K. pinnata can be considered as an aneuploid with 6 (or 4) supplementary chromosomes and may be a recent derivation from an ancestor with n=17 or n=18 (Uhl, 1948).Physiology and Phenology Bryophyllum pinnatum poisoning of cattle. Pers. In: Phyllostegia mollis (no common name). Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is commonly known as Flaming Katy, Christmas Kalanchoe, Widow’s Thrill, or Florist Kalanchoe. Most of the species interesting to collectors are coming from Madagascar or South Africa. It grows up to 1 foot (30 cm) tall and up to 2 feet (60 cm)…, Kalanchoe x richaudii, also known as Kalanchoe richaudii, is a natural hybrid of Kalanchoe rosei and Kalanchoe delagoensis. This makes it an ideal plant for low maintenance gardens especially in very warm regions and, if you need to cover a wide area with a stunning succulent, Kalanchoe tubiflora will do it in a very short time. Barbados: University of the West Indies. https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year_review/doc3343.pdf. 1), 22-96. somatic embryos). In: Flora of China 8 (Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae), [ed. Urera kaalae (opuhe). In: Scaevola coriacea (dwarf naupaka). In: Tetramolopium filiforme (no common name). 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation : US Fish and Wildlife Service.19 pp. Recovery Outline for the Kauai Ecosystem. University of the West Indies, 267, Akihisa T, Kokke WCMC, Tamura T, Matsumoto T, 1991. Phylogenetic relationships in the Crassulaceae inferred from chloroplast DNA restriction-site variation. 5-Year Review, Short Form Summary: Species Reviewed: Schiedea stellarioides (no common name). Flowering Plants of Jamaica. Photosynthesis of arid and subtropical succulent plants. Kalanchoes are native to Madagasgar and thrive in arid environments, making them popular succulents.Growers are drawn to Kalanchoe for its ease of care and interesting leaves and flowers, which bloom consistently throughout the year in response to daylight. Online database., Barbados: University of the West Indies. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. Schiedea apokremnos (maolioli). http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, Acuna G J, 1974. Online Database. Kalanchoe delagoensisis a perennial succulent, reproducing asexually through small plantlets borne at the ends of each leaf. It has naturalized widely in the tropics where it has become invasive in many countries. It is a delightful little plant that puts up a brave show in clumps among trees and shrubs. The leaf-blade is elliptic, 5-25 cm long and 2-7 cm wide with the apex obtuse to truncate, sometimes obscurely so. Stanley TD, Ross EM, 1986. Movement of K. pinnata to the Caribbean and South America may have occurred after the arrival of early European traders in the Indian Ocean or possibly during the slave trade from West Africa. The Plant List (2010) has Bryophyllum pinnatum as the preferred name, while USDA-ARS (2013) uses K. pinnata, and only lists Bryophyllum as a non-preferred name for all species. Classification within this family is difficult mainly because many of the species hybridize in both the wild and in cultivation ( García-Sogo et al., 2010 ). Spain: Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias. The methanolic extract of leaves had activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae and Proteus vulgaris, but not against Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Klebsiella pneumoniae (Akinpelu, 2000). Epiphyllous bud differentiation in Kalanchoe pinnata: a model developmental system. Bailey (1885) mentions it in his census of the Brisbane Botanic Garden and Bowen Park (the garden of the Queensland Acclimatisation Society), Australia, which is an indication that it was utilized more than 100 years ago as a garden ornamental in Australia. The morphology of regeneration in Bryophyllum calycinum. These species are Bryophyllum rubellum and B. proliferum. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 64(6):1310-1312; 8 ref, Swarbrick JT, 1997. USDA-ARS, 2004. Crassulacean acid metabolism in Kalanchoe species collected in various climatic zones of Madagascar: a survey by d13C analysis. In Queensland, Australia, K. pinnata was ranked 47 of 200 invasive naturalized plants (Batianoff and Butler, 2002). Flora of Tropical East Africa. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation : US Fish and Wildlife Service.11 pp. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Plantas vasculares naturalizadas no arquipélago da Madeira.) 5-Year Review, Short Form Summary: Wilkesia hobdyi (dwarf iliau). ]; 13 ref, Burkill IH, 1935. 49 refs. Movement of K. pinnata into Oceania may have occurred with the Polynesian navigators or much later during European colonial times and to the present day. Small red, yellow or orange flowers are arranged in dense clusters on long stalks. New Delhi, India: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Correll DS, Correll HB, 1982. On the island of St John, US Virgin Islands, K. pinnata forms dense stands crowding out native herbaceous vegetation (Ting, 1989), and in the Galapagos Islands, K. pinnata not only replaces the herb layer with a monospecific stand, but forms a dense carpet that inhibits the regeneration of the shrub and tree layers (Tye, 2001). Li HL, Liu TS, Huang TC, Koyama T, DeVol CE, 1977. The Plant List includes a further 71 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus Kalanchoe.We do not intend The Plant List to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. http://server.rib.okayama-u.ac.jp/wild/index.html, Evett J, Norris EH, 1990. Kensington, Australia: NSW University Press. pinnata has shown insecticidal properties related to a bufadienolide constituent (Supratman et al., 2000).Onwuliri and Anekwe (1992) found that K. pinnata is a rich source of some elements that are important in the maintenance of human health. © Copyright 2020 CAB International. Flora of South East Queensland., Brisbane, Australia: Queensland Department of Primary Industries. http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm. Four species of Kalanchoe, including K. pinnata were responsible for 41 recorded poisoning incidents affecting 379 cattle in Queensland, Australia, between 1960 and 1984 (McKenzie and Armstrong, 1986). In: Isodendrion longifolium (aupaka). Crassulaceae. Weed Risk Assessment. London, UK: Governments of the Straits Settlements and Federal Malay States, Crown Agents for the Colonies, Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Copra IC, 1956. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 37:229-236, Siddiqui S, Faizi S, Siddiqui BS, Sultana N, 1989. 2010a, US Fish and Wildlife Service, American Journal of Botany, 85(1):123-134, Henson IE, Wareing PF, 1977. 190 pp. Bombay, India: Popular Book Depot, Nassis CZ, Haebisch EMAB, Giesbrecht AM, 1992. All Kalanchoe species utilize crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies. Aliso. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010. http://www.fleppc.org/list/11list.html, Forster PI, 1985. , 2012. [English title not available]. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural), supplement 8:281 pp, Smith AC, 1985. The ethyl acetate extract also showed appreciable antimutagenic activity (Obaseiki-Ebor et al., 1993). Crassulaceae. Honolulu, USA: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 177, Sparkes EC, Grace S, Panetta FD, 2002. A hand weeding exercise to remove K. pinnata was costed at Au$2095/ha (Sparkes et al., 2002). pinnata cannot withstand trampling by animals and therefore only tends to thrive on rock piles and along fence lines in pastures.Associations US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998. Analysis of an Ecological Adaption. Kalanchoe tubiflora care Looking after the mother of millions (sometimes called mother of thousands, but the point is the same) is fairly easy. The robust red flowering specimens are rewarding garden plants, flowering for many weeks. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk. pp. http://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20173158959 DOI:10.1079/9781786392145.0000, Julissa Rojas-Sandoval, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA, Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA. Species recognized by Madagascar Species List. In: 5-Year Review, Short Form Summary: Species Reviewed: Poa mannii (Mann's bluegrass) : US Fish and Wildlife Service.10 pp. National list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the Republic of Cuba - 2011. Phytochemistry, 28:2433-2438, Silva Vieria RM da, 2002. Kalanchoe Scientific Name: Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. Chromosome Morphology in Fritillaria, Alstroemeria, Silphium, and other Genera. by Leistner OA]. Aphthona sp. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, Onwuliri VA, Anekwe GE, 1992. (Pteridophyta y Spermatophyta). The family Crassulaceae includes about 34 genera and 1400 species distributed mostly in arid and dry regions in Mexico, Africa (Cape region), South America and Australia (Stevens, 2012). The corolla is up to 7 cm long, yellowish-green tinged with pink or reddish, to twice as long as the calyx. Planta Medica, 20:368-373, Gaind KN, Gupta RL, 1973. In: Solanum sandwicense (Popolo 'aiakeakua). Bissea: Boletin sobre Conservacion de Plantad del Jardin Botanico Nacional, 6:1-140, Ham RCHJvan, 't Hart H, 1998. Poisoning of cattle by Bryophyllum plants. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa. Plant Science, 160:827-835, Gehrig HH, Roesicke H, Kluge M, 1997. Sur de nouveax nombres chromsomiques dans le genre Kalanchoe (Crassulacees) a Madagascar. DAISIE (online). pinnata can be controlled manually provided that the whole plant, especially the leaves and roots, are removed completely (Soria et al., 2002). In vegetative reproduction, suckers are produced from the base of the plant and daughter plantlets are formed along the edges of detached leaves (epiphyllous buds). Honolulu, USA: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 78, Space J, Flynn T, 2002. genuina. New Zealand Plant Names Database. Kalanchoe laetivirens, also known as Bryophyllum laetivirens, is a very unusual succulent with large, up to 8 inches (20 cm) long and up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) wide, bluish-green leaves with baby plantlets all around the serrated edges, giving them a dainty, unique appearance. Botanica Acta, 106:320-324, Kluge M, Brulfert J, Ravelomanana D, Lipp J, Ziegler H, 1991. Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. The allelochemicals have been identified as p-hydroxybenzoic-, protocatechuic-, gallic-, p-coumaric and coffeic acid (Bär et al., 1997). Anti-inflammatory action of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract. Kalanchoe gracilipes (Bak.) St. Louis, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2004. : I. Response to irradiance and supply of nitrogen and water. (Plantas indeseables en los cultivos cubanos.). [ed. Candollea, 26:103-107, Friedmann F, 1975. In: 5-Year Review Short Form Summary: Remya montgomeryi (no common name) : US Fish and Wildlife Service.7 pp. http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/vast.html, Mohan Ram H, 1963. Price Rs.5 as.14, Dobremez JF, Shakya PR, Camaret S, Vigny F, Eynard-Machet R, 2002. South Africa: Department of Agriculture and Water Supply. Back to Browse Succulents by Genus. Journal of Natural Products, 52:1071-1079, Yamagishi T, Yan XZ, Wu RY, McPhail DR, McPhail AT, Lee KH, 1988. Acebes JR, Arco Mdel, García-Gallo A, León MC, Pérez PL, Rodríguez O, Wildpret Torre Wde la, Martín VE, Marrero MC, Rodríguez ML, 2001. Propagation is either by seeds, suckers from the base of the plant or by the formation of daughter plantlets along the edges of detached leaves (epiphyllous buds) and inflorescences. DAISIE, 2013. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 29:245-266, Nadkarni A, 1954. genuina Raym.-Hamet,             Subphylum: Angiospermae,                 Class: Dicotyledonae,                     Order: Rosales,                         Family: Crassulaceae,                             Genus: Kalanchoe,                                 Species: Kalanchoe pinnata, Highly adaptable to different environments, Highly likely to be transported internationally deliberately, Difficult to identify/detect as a commodity contaminant. This occurs both in the laboratory and field situations (Luettge et al., 1991) and is likely to facilitate the occupation of ecological niches where such changes frequently occur (Kluge et al., 1993).Reproductive BiologyK. Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells); upper leaves, note reddish tinge. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Winter and Holtum (2002) showed that decreasing night temperature also decreased night fixation of carbon dioxide. Nadkarni’s Indian Materia Medica. Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, France. St. Albans, Herts. Useful plants of the Island of Guam. Biovigyanam, 15(1):51-53, Raponda-Walker A, Sillans R, 1961.