CRITIAS    I will tell an old-world story which I heard from an aged man; (21b) for Critias, at the time of telling it, was as he said, nearly ninety years of age, and I was about ten. (118e) and by them they brought down the wood from the mountains to the city, and conveyed the fruits of the earth in ships, cutting transverse passages from one canal into another, and to the city. And when, in accordance with Nature, we had assigned to each citizen (17d) his one proper and peculiar occupation, we declared that those whose duty it is to fight in defence of all must act solely as guardians of the State, in case anyone from without or any of those within should go about to molest it; and that they should judge leniently such as are under their authority and their natural friends, (18a) but show themselves stern in battle towards all the enemies they encounter. SOCRATES    You conferred together and agreed to entertain me to-day, as I had entertained you, with a feast of discourse. And thus, receiving from the earth all these products, they furnished forth (115c) their temples and royal dwellings, their harbors and their docks, and all the rest of their country, ordering all in the fashion following. How or where shall we find another if we abandon this? For we ordained that as regards marriages and children all should have all in common, so that no one should ever recognize his own particular offspring, but all should regard all (18d) as their actual kinsmen�as brothers and sisters, if of a suitable age; as parents and grandparents, if more advanced in age; and as children and children's children, if junior in age. And the stone they quarried beneath the central island all round, and from beneath the outer and inner circles, some of it being white, some black (116b) and some red; and while quarrying it they constructed two inner docks, hollowed out and roofed over by the native rock. CRITIAS: And I, Timaeus, accept the trust, and as you at first said that you were going to speak of high matters, and begged that some forbearance might be shown to you, I too ask the same or greater forbearance for what I am about to say. I might compare myself to a person who, on beholding beautiful animals either created by the painter's art, or, better still, alive but at rest, is seized with a desire of seeing them in motion or (19c) engaged in some struggle or conflict to which their forms appear suited; this is my feeling about the State which we have been describing. Timaeus (pronounced "tim-EYE-us" in the English-dubbed anime) was a legendary knight from Atlantis, who aided Ironheart in the Battle of Atlantis. I have described the city and the environs of the ancient palace nearly in the words of Solon. It's believed the city was home to Greek royalty, gods and heroes from evidence uncovered throughout the 30,000 square mile site. How, indeed, and where shall we discover other stories if we let these slip? But I should like to make my meaning clearer, if Timaeus, you will follow me. SOCRATES    How gladly do I now welcome my release, Socrates, from my protracted discourse, even as a traveller who takes his rest after a long journey! Hence it is, for these reasons, that what is here preserved is reckoned to be most ancient; the truth being that in every place where there is no excessive heat or cold to prevent it there always exists some human stock, now more, now less in number. Thus there remains only that class which is of your complexion� (20a) a class which, alike by nature and nurture, shares the qualities of both the others. Timaeus describes the creation of the world and explains natural phenomena while Critias talks of a lost island, its people and ancient Athenians. And for evidence of what I say I point to the statement of Solon, that the Egyptian priests, in describing the war of that period, mentioned most of those names�such as those of Cecrops and Erechtheus and Erichthonius and Erysichthon and most of the other names (110b) which are recorded of the various heroes before Theseus�and in like manner also the names of the women. The story was first told in two of Plato's dialogues, the "Timaeus" and the "Critias," written about 360 B.C. SOCRATES    And when we had given to each one that single employment and particular art (17d) which was suited to his nature, we spoke of those who were intended to be our warriors, and said that they were to be guardians of the city against attacks from within as well as from without, and to have no other employment; they were to be merciful in judging their subjects, (18a) of whom they were by nature friends, but fierce to their enemies, when they came across them in battle. The dialogues are conversations between Socrates, Hermocrates, Timeaus, and Critias. For this story will be admirably suited to the festival of the Goddess which is now being held, because of its connection with her; and the fact that it is no invented fable but genuine history is all-important. If, therefore, I seem justified in craving this boon, pray grant it willingly. One of our tribe, either because he thought so or to please Critias, said that in his judgment Solon was not only the wisest of men, (21c) but also the noblest of poets. And of the inhabitants of the mountains and of the rest of the country there was also a vast multitude, which was distributed among the lots and had leaders assigned to them according to their districts and villages. Apparently in response to a prior talk by Socrates about ideal societies, Timeaus and Critias agree to entertain Socrates TIMAEUS    For unknown reasons, Plato never completed Critias. (23d) Solon marvelled at his words, and earnestly requested the priests to inform him exactly and in order about these former citizens. I had then the greatest pleasure and amusement in hearing it, (26c) and the old man was eager to tell me, since I kept questioning him repeatedly, so that the story is stamped firmly on my mind like the encaustic designs of an indelible painting. And they had built the palace at the very beginning where the settlement was first made by their God and their ancestors; and as each king received it from his predecessor, he added to its adornment (115d) and did all he could to surpass the king before him, until finally they made of it an abode amazing to behold for the magnitude and beauty of its workmanship. EMBED. We must endeavor next to repeat the account of the rest of the country, (118a) what its natural character was, and in what fashion it was ordered. (108e) Now first of all we must recall the fact that 9000 is the sum of years since the war occurred, as is recorded, between the dwellers beyond the pillars of Heracles and all that dwelt within them; which war we have now to relate in detail. And what about the matter of child-production? Many, in truth, and great are the achievements of your State, which are a marvel to men as they are here recorded; but there is one which stands out above all (24e) both for magnitude and for nobleness. All the outside of the temple, with the exception of the pinnacles, they covered with silver, and the pinnacles with gold. Critias is the second of a projected trilogy of dialogues, preceded by Timaeus and followed by Hermocrates. And round about it, on this side and on that, were barracks for the greater part of the spearmen; but the guard-house of the more trusty (117d) of them was posted in the smaller circle, which was nearer the acropolis; while those who were the most trustworthy of all had dwellings granted to them within the acropolis round about the persons of the kings. SOCRATES    Consequently, since many great convulsions took place during the 9000 years�for such was the number of years (111b) from that time to this�the soil which has kept breaking away from the high lands during these ages and these disasters, forms no pile of sediment worth mentioning, as in other regions, but keeps sliding away ceaselessly and disappearing in the deep. In the next place, they had fountains, one of cold and another of hot water, in gracious plenty flowing; and they were wonderfully adapted for use by reason of the pleasantness and excellence of their waters. And I make my prayer to that God who has recently been created by our speech (although in reality created of old), that he will grant to us the conservation of all our sayings that have been rightly said, (106b) and, if unwittingly we have spoken aught discordantly, that he will impose the fitting penalty. . SOCRATES    Very good. For legendary lore and the investigation of antiquity are visitants that come to cities in company with leisure, when they see that men are already furnished with the necessaries of life, and not before. I will give you not only the general heads, but the particulars, as they were told to me. Now in other regions others of the gods had their allotments and ordered the affairs, but inasmuch as Hephaestus and Athena were of a like nature, being born of the same father, and agreeing, moreover, in their love of wisdom and of craftsmanship, they both took for their joint portion this land of ours as being naturally congenial and adapted for virtue (109d) and for wisdom, and therein they planted as native to the soil men of virtue and ordained to their mind the mode of government. They all of them by just apportionment obtained what they wanted, and peopled their own districts; and when they had peopled them they tended us, their nurselings and possessions, as shepherds tend their flocks, excepting only that they did not use blows or bodily force, (109c) as shepherds do, but governed us like pilots from the stern of the vessel, which is an easy way of guiding animals, holding our souls by the rudder of persuasion according to their own pleasure;-thus did they guide all mortal creatures. The city and citizens, which you yesterday described to us in fiction, we will now transfer to the world of reality. The opening conversation (17a1–27d4) introduces thecharacters—Socrates, Timaeus, Critias and Hermocrates—andsuggests that the latter three would contribute to a reply toSocrates’ speech allegedly given on the previous day, whichpresented an ideal political arrangement strongly reminiscent of the Republic. (106a) Each of the ten kings in his own division and in his own city had the absolute control of the citizens, and, in most cases, of the laws, punishing and slaying whomsoever he would. Plato introduced Atlantis in Timaeus: For it is related in our records how once upon a time your State stayed the course of a mighty host, which, starting from a distant point in the Atlantic ocean, was insolently advancing to attack the whole of Europe, and Asia to boot. Considered as the sequel to the Republic, “Timaeus” speculates about cosmology, where the universe as a whole is divine and ruled by mathematical truths. And now having offered my prayer I deliver up the argument to Critias, who is to speak next according to our agreement. Moreover, we went on to say about women that their natures must be attuned into accord with the men, and that the occupations assigned to them, both in war and in all other activities of life, should in every case be the same for all alike. Timaeus and Critias Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. And when they had given judgement, they wrote the judgements, when it was light, upon a golden tablet, and dedicated them together with their robes as memorials. Thither also they brought year by year from all the ten allotments their seasonable offerings to do sacrifice to each of those princes. And the altar, (117a) in respect of its size and its workmanship, harmonized with its surroundings; and the royal palace likewise was such as befitted the greatness of the kingdom, and equally befitted the splendor of the temples. (109b) Once upon a time the gods were taking over by lot the whole earth according to its regions,�not according to the results of strife: for it would not be reasonable to suppose that the gods were ignorant of their own several rights, nor yet that they attempted to obtain for themselves by means of strife a possession to which others, as they knew, had a better claim. SOCRATES    SOCRATES    Do you remember what were the points of which I required you to speak? (119c) Of the magistracies and posts of honor the disposition, ever since the beginning, was this. For practically all the most important part of our speech depends upon this goddess; for if I can sufficiently remember and report the tale once told by the priests and brought hither by Solon, I am wellnigh convinced that I shall appear to the present audience to have fulfilled my task adequately. SOCRATES    Then have I now given you all the heads of our yesterday's discussion? This is what I want to suggest to you, (108a) and at the same time to beg, Socrates, that I may have not less, but more indulgence conceded to me in what I am about to say. I have before remarked in speaking of the allotments of the gods, that they distributed the whole earth into portions differing in extent, (113c) and made for themselves temples and instituted sacrifices. Appropriate subheadings in brackets [] provide overview and orientation in the text. The origin of the Atlantis fable can be traced all the way back to 360 BCE when the lost city appeared in two of Plato's dialogues, Timaeus and Critias. Timaeus and Critias, two of Plato's dialogues, are the only existing written records which specifically refer to Atlantis. An abundance of wood, a great number of elephants. CRITIAS    In the temple they placed statues of gold: there was the god himself standing in a chariot-the charioteer of six winged horses-and (116e) of such a size that he touched the roof of the building with his head; around him there were a hundred Nereids riding on dolphins, for such was thought to be the number of them by the men of those days. And of the buildings some they framed of one simple color, in others they wove a pattern of many colors by blending the stones for the sake of ornament so as to confer upon the buildings a natural charm. There were many special laws affecting the several kings inscribed about the temples, but the most important was the following: They were not to take up arms against one another, and they were all to come to the rescue if any one in any of their cities attempted to overthrow the royal house; (120d) like their ancestors, they were to deliberate in common about war and other matters, giving the supremacy to the descendants of Atlas. And when they were about to give judgement they first gave pledges one to another of the following description. Now different gods had their allotments in different places which they set in order. How, then, is this statement plausible, and what residue of the land then existing serves to confirm its truth? Critias is the second of a projected trilogy of dialogues, preceded by Timaeus and followed by Hermocrates. SOCRATES    said Amynander. And there were many other special laws concerning the peculiar rights of the several princes, whereof the most important were these: that they should never take up arms against one another, and that, should anyone attempt to overthrow in any city their royal house, they should all lend aid, taking counsel in common, like their forerunners, (120d) concerning their policy in war and other matters, while conceding the leadership to the royal branch of Atlas; and that the king had no authority to put to death any of his brother-princes save with the consent of more than half of the ten. The royal palace within the acropolis was arranged in this manner. CRITIAS    Let me proceed to explain to you, Socrates, the order in which we have arranged our entertainment. For in truth the story that is told in your country as well as ours, how once upon a time Phaethon, son of Helios, yoked his father's chariot, and, because he was unable to drive it along the course taken by his father, burnt up all that was upon the earth and himself perished by a thunderbolt,�that story, as it is told, has the fashion of a legend, but the truth of it lies in (22d) the occurrence of a shifting of the bodies in the heavens which move round the earth, and a destruction of the things on the earth by fierce fire, which recurs at long intervals. The tale, which was of great length, began as follows:-. SOCRATES    (20a) Here is Timaeus, of Locris in Italy, a city which has admirable laws, and who is himself in wealth and rank the equal of any of his fellow-citizens; he has held the most important and honourable offices in his own state, and, as I believe, has scaled the heights of all philosophy; and here is Critias, whom every Athenian knows to be no novice in the matters of which we are speaking; and as to, Hermocrates, I am assured by many witnesses that his genius and education qualify him to take part in any speculation of the kind.

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